南瓜籽油是男性好朋友？遠離攝護腺肥大到底有沒有？
張珮蓁營養師 Dietitian Patty
- 什麼是南瓜籽油？
- 什麼是攝護腺肥大？
- 南瓜籽油的保健成分與益處？
- 協同幫助抗氧化
- 維持攝護腺健康
- 確保精子質與量
- 增強保護心血管
- 幫助睡眠好心情
- 結語
- 從南瓜籽中提取的油，含豐富的亞麻油酸Omega-6、油酸Omega-9、維生素Ｅ、植物固醇、胺基酸、礦物質鋅、鎂、硒等(1)。
- 南瓜籽富含鋅100g含9.4mg的鋅，「鋅」為人體中屬於微量元素，但在正常男性攝護腺及精蟲中鋅含量極高，而慢性攝護腺炎與攝護腺癌患者的攝護腺液中，鋅含量明顯低於健康者。
- 也因此充足濃度的鋅，對於男性的攝護腺保養、生殖功能、精蟲品質的維持都是非常重要的。
- 攝護腺肥大(BPH) 是指攝護腺組織的非惡性增生，隨著年齡的增長而增加，嚴重的可達200-300g，壓迫尿道使其變細、彎曲，而引起相關症狀，是男性感到頻尿，排尿不順暢的常見原因之一(2)。
- 而51-60歲的男性約有五成有攝護腺肥大的症狀，到了70歲時約有七成的盛行率，而80歲以上的男性長輩，幾乎九成以上都有攝護腺肥大的情形。
- 主要受到年齡的增長、荷爾蒙的刺激造成組織的增生，而不良生活習慣，像是：抽煙、喝酒、肥胖等也會增加風險。
- 維持攝護腺健康
在動物實驗中發現南瓜籽油可以抑制睪固酮誘導的攝護腺增生(3)，而人類研究也發現補充8-12週後緩解了攝護腺肥大的相關症狀如夜尿頻率、不適感、尿不順暢、膀胱過動(4)、頻尿等等影響生活品質的指標。
針對攝護腺增生症患者的研究也發現，南瓜籽油與減少並抑制攝護腺癌細胞的生長有關(5)，也因此南瓜籽油對於男性攝護腺的保養十分重要。
針對攝護腺增生症患者的研究也發現，南瓜籽油與減少並抑制攝護腺癌細胞的生長有關(5)，也因此南瓜籽油對於男性攝護腺的保養十分重要。
- 協同幫助抗氧化
南瓜籽油含維生素Ｅ、酚類化合物等，對幫助保護細胞避免自由基的傷害，而對於身體健康有保健益處。
- 確保精子質與量
正常健康男性每c.c攝護腺液含150-1000μg的鋅，而患慢性攝護腺炎及攝護腺癌者，每c.c攝護腺液鋅含量低於139μg，充足的鋅對於攝護腺殺菌、消滅病毒作用很重要。此外，血中鋅含量較低與精子品質下降和男性不育風險增加有關。而南瓜籽油富含鋅，因此可以維持及提高精子品質(6)。
- 增強保護心血管
南瓜籽富含抗氧化物質、鎂、鋅和脂肪酸，都有助於保持心血管健康(8)，針對停經後婦女的研究有發現，南瓜籽油補充可降低舒張壓7%，並將提高「好」膽固醇HDL 16% (9)。也因此補充南瓜籽油對於改善血管僵硬和功能有顯著好處，且有助於預防高血壓 (10)。
- 幫助睡眠好心情
而富含鋅的南瓜籽油幫助色氨酸轉化為血清素的過程，然後再轉化為褪黑激素，是對於調節睡眠很重要的激素。此外，南瓜籽油亦是鎂的很好來源，足夠的鎂也與好的睡眠有關(7,11) 。
隨著年紀增長，身體的保養更是重要，南瓜籽油除了消除男性攝護腺的初期腫脹，改善男性小便不順暢，預防攝護腺肥大外，對於更年期婦女經常出現漏尿及膀胱無力等問題也有幫助。可以發現，無論男女性，南瓜籽油對於心臟健康、血糖、生殖功能和睡眠品質，都是不可或缺的。
參考來源：
1. Csikós, E., Horváth, A., Ács, K., Papp, N., Balázs, V. L., Dolenc, M. S., Kenda, M., Kočevar Glavač, N., Nagy, M., Protti, M., Mercolini, L., Horváth, G., Farkas, Á., & On Behalf Of The Oemonom (2021). Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia by Natural Drugs. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 26(23), 7141.
2. Ng, M., & Baradhi, K. M. (2022). Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.
3. Gossell-Williams, M., Davis, A., & O'Connor, N. (2006). Inhibition of testosterone-induced hyperplasia of the prostate of sprague-dawley rats by pumpkin seed oil. Journal of medicinal food, 9(2), 284–286.
4. Nishimura, M., Ohkawara, T., Sato, H., Takeda, H., & Nishihira, J. (2014). Pumpkin Seed Oil Extracted From Cucurbita maxima Improves Urinary Disorder in Human Overactive Bladder. Journal of traditional and complementary medicine, 4(1), 72–74.
5. Leibbrand, M., Siefer, S., Schön, C., Perrinjaquet-Moccetti, T., Kompek, A., Csernich, A., Bucar, F., & Kreuter, M. H. (2019). Effects of an Oil-Free Hydroethanolic Pumpkin Seed Extract on Symptom Frequency and Severity in Men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Pilot Study in Humans. Journal of medicinal food, 22(6), 551–559.
6. Colagar, A. H., Marzony, E. T., & Chaichi, M. J. (2009). Zinc levels in seminal plasma are associated with sperm quality in fertile and infertile men. Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.), 29(2), 82–88.
7. Šamec, D., Loizzo, M. R., Gortzi, O., Çankaya, İ. T., Tundis, R., Suntar, İ., Shirooie, S., Zengin, G., Devkota, H. P., Reboredo-Rodríguez, P., Hassan, S. T. S., Manayi, A., Kashani, H. R. K., & Nabavi, S. M. (2022). The potential of pumpkin seed oil as a functional food-A comprehensive review of chemical composition, health benefits, and safety. Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety, 21(5), 4422–4446.
8. Ristić-Medić, D., Ristić, G., & Tepsić, V. (2003). Alfa-linolenska kiselina i kardiovaskularna oboljenja [Alpha-linolenic acid and cardiovascular diseases]. Medicinski pregled, 56 Suppl 1, 19–25.
9. Gossell-Williams, M., Hyde, C., Hunter, T., Simms-Stewart, D., Fletcher, H., McGrowder, D., & Walters, C. A. (2011). Improvement in HDL cholesterol in postmenopausal women supplemented with pumpkin seed oil: pilot study. Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society, 14(5), 558–564.
10. Wong, A., Viola, D., Bergen, D., Caulfield, E., Mehrabani, J., & Figueroa, A. (2019). The effects of pumpkin seed oil supplementation on arterial hemodynamics, stiffness and cardiac autonomic function in postmenopausal women. Complementary therapies in clinical practice, 37, 23–26.
11. Zhang, Y., Chen, C., Lu, L., Knutson, K. L., Carnethon, M. R., Fly, A. D., Luo, J., Haas, D. M., Shikany, J. M., & Kahe, K. (2022). Association of magnesium intake with sleep duration and sleep quality: findings from the CARDIA study. Sleep, 45(4), zsab276.
2. Ng, M., & Baradhi, K. M. (2022). Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.
3. Gossell-Williams, M., Davis, A., & O'Connor, N. (2006). Inhibition of testosterone-induced hyperplasia of the prostate of sprague-dawley rats by pumpkin seed oil. Journal of medicinal food, 9(2), 284–286.
4. Nishimura, M., Ohkawara, T., Sato, H., Takeda, H., & Nishihira, J. (2014). Pumpkin Seed Oil Extracted From Cucurbita maxima Improves Urinary Disorder in Human Overactive Bladder. Journal of traditional and complementary medicine, 4(1), 72–74.
5. Leibbrand, M., Siefer, S., Schön, C., Perrinjaquet-Moccetti, T., Kompek, A., Csernich, A., Bucar, F., & Kreuter, M. H. (2019). Effects of an Oil-Free Hydroethanolic Pumpkin Seed Extract on Symptom Frequency and Severity in Men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Pilot Study in Humans. Journal of medicinal food, 22(6), 551–559.
6. Colagar, A. H., Marzony, E. T., & Chaichi, M. J. (2009). Zinc levels in seminal plasma are associated with sperm quality in fertile and infertile men. Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.), 29(2), 82–88.
7. Šamec, D., Loizzo, M. R., Gortzi, O., Çankaya, İ. T., Tundis, R., Suntar, İ., Shirooie, S., Zengin, G., Devkota, H. P., Reboredo-Rodríguez, P., Hassan, S. T. S., Manayi, A., Kashani, H. R. K., & Nabavi, S. M. (2022). The potential of pumpkin seed oil as a functional food-A comprehensive review of chemical composition, health benefits, and safety. Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety, 21(5), 4422–4446.
8. Ristić-Medić, D., Ristić, G., & Tepsić, V. (2003). Alfa-linolenska kiselina i kardiovaskularna oboljenja [Alpha-linolenic acid and cardiovascular diseases]. Medicinski pregled, 56 Suppl 1, 19–25.
9. Gossell-Williams, M., Hyde, C., Hunter, T., Simms-Stewart, D., Fletcher, H., McGrowder, D., & Walters, C. A. (2011). Improvement in HDL cholesterol in postmenopausal women supplemented with pumpkin seed oil: pilot study. Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society, 14(5), 558–564.
10. Wong, A., Viola, D., Bergen, D., Caulfield, E., Mehrabani, J., & Figueroa, A. (2019). The effects of pumpkin seed oil supplementation on arterial hemodynamics, stiffness and cardiac autonomic function in postmenopausal women. Complementary therapies in clinical practice, 37, 23–26.
11. Zhang, Y., Chen, C., Lu, L., Knutson, K. L., Carnethon, M. R., Fly, A. D., Luo, J., Haas, D. M., Shikany, J. M., & Kahe, K. (2022). Association of magnesium intake with sleep duration and sleep quality: findings from the CARDIA study. Sleep, 45(4), zsab276.
